Element for Sustainable Waste Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Element for Sustainable Waste Management. Answer: Introduction There occurs the generation of chemical waste in various sectors from large industries,healthcare to small businesses. There occurs the generation of large quantities of hazardous waste and there is the scope for reducing this waste generation with the help of the programmes related to waste prevention. Industries that are generating toxic wastes are numerous, which ranges from chemicals to electronics as well as from plastics to metal plating. These toxic wastes are having a negative impact on the natural environment and are having a connection with different problems related with health ranging from immune and reproductive disorders to respiratory and other ailments. Global issue where shared responsibility for the common good is not being realised A global issue that is affecting the environment and where the shared responsibility for the common good is not being realised is concerned with the aspect of chemical waste management. Chemical wastes are liquid, semi-solid as well as solid wastes that are hazardous in nature or constituting the threat associated with the aspect of polluting the environment. To dispose chemical waste in an indiscriminate manner is having a serious health, safety as well as environmental impact (Yong 2016). The management of chemical waste is becoming a growingly international concern. The global generation of toxic waste is almost 440 million tons, as well as an approximate 10 percent of that waste is making its way across the global boundaries. Industries that are generating toxic wastes are numerous, which ranges from chemicals to electronics as well as from plastics to metal plating. These toxic wastes are having a negative impact on the natural environment and are having a connection with different problems related with health ranging from immune and reproductive disorders to respiratory and other ailments (Kjeldsen 2016). To dispose chemical waste is having a huge environmental influence and will be causing serious challenges. The various environmental effects of chemical wastes are mentioned as under, Surface water contamination Chemical waste that is ending up in water bodies will be changing in a negative manner the chemical composition of the water. This will be affecting the entire ecosystems that exist in the water. Soil consumption Harmful chemicals that get into the soil might be harming the plants when they are taking up the contamination with the help of their roots. There occurs a negative influence on the health of individuals who consume those plants from the soils that have been contaminated. Pollution Practices relating to poor waste management will be resulting in the pollution of land as well as air and will be causing respiratory problems as well as other negative impact related to health (Edjabou 2015). Proposing ways for addressing the challenging issue regarding chemical waste management The different ways to address the challenging issue relating tochemical waste management are mentioned as under, Identifying the types of chemical wastes To recognize the proper traits relating to chemical waste is the primary step to safeguard the staffs as well as protect the business from legal actions. Small businesses might be establishing an official method to identify various kinds of chemical waste found on the premises as well as reminding the staffs when there is a rise in particular waste because of the production from companies. Through the creation of a more educated workforce, businesses will be preventing the accidents as well as eliminating any confusion regarding various kinds of chemical wastes (Allesch 2014). Knowing the ways for treating, storing as well as disposing To treat unpredictable industry excess materials is considered significant regarding appropriate removal. The materials should be undergoing a method that will be transforming the chemical elements for minimizing their environmental impact. Through the change in the physical or biological structural aspect relating to chemical wastes, organizations do the ensuring that the workforce is not harmed when in contact with the substances (Guerrero 2013). Organizations are required considering which storage options are required for the kind of waste that they are producing. Organizations are provided with regulations relating to the safe disposal that are depending on the aspect of classifying the hazards. Landfills, land treatment units as well as surface elements are all acceptable processes to remove materials till the time the organizations are complying with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Organizations can do the utilization of facilities that is treating, storing as well as disposing chemical wastes for guaranteeing security (Brunner 2015). Every facility is necessary for applying a chemical waste permit and it is considered being an effective idea regarding the organizations for requesting proof of the permit from the facilities. Treating the waste The treatment of the chemical waste might be reducing the volume of waste or making the chemical waste less hazardous. There is the requirement for disposing the waste with the help of a legally recognized facility for hazardous waste management, which is also considered as a treatment, storage as well as disposal facility or TSDF. An organization can have a direct dealing with a TSDF or do the utilization of a hazardous waste broker as a mediator (Arena 2014). Managing the waste as universal waste Universal wastes are comprising of waste batteries, mercury-containing thermostats as well as majority of the fluorescent lamps. Management of chemical wastes in respect of chemical wastes are reorganized for promoting their re-cycling. For instance, when the recycling of universal wastes take place, they are not required to be noticeable or counted regarding waste generation totals (Blackman 2016). Conclusion To conclude, it can be stated that there is the requirement for preventing as well as reducing the aspect of generating chemical waste by industries as well as the society. There is also the requirement for minimizing the collection of hazardous waste for reducing the environmental as well as health effect of any chemical waste that is not regulated. Also, there is the requirement for minimizing the health, social, environmental as well as economic influence related with the generation as well asmanagement of chemical wastes. Organizations are required considering which storage options are required for the kind of waste that they are producing. Organizations are provided with regulations relating to the safe disposal that are depending on the aspect of classifying the hazards. References Allesch, A. and Brunner, P.H., 2014. Assessment methods for solid waste management: A literature review.Waste Management Research,32(6), pp.461-473. Arena, U. and Di Gregorio, F., 2014. A waste management planning based on substance flow analysis.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,85, pp.54-66. Blackman Jr, W.C., 2016.Basic hazardous waste management. CRC Press. Brunner, P.H. and Rechberger, H., 2015. Waste to energykey element for sustainable waste management.Waste management,37, pp.3-12. Edjabou, M.E., Jensen, M.B., Gtze, R., Pivnenko, K., Petersen, C., Scheutz, C. and Astrup, T.F., 2015. Municipal solid waste composition: Sampling methodology, statistical analyses, and case study evaluation.Waste Management,36, pp.12-23. Guerrero, L.A., Maas, G. and Hogland, W., 2013. Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries.Waste management,33(1), pp.220-232. Kjeldsen, P., 2016. SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF CD WASTEREDUCING THE SOURCE TO OZONE DEPLETION AND GLOBAL WARMING. In5th International Conference on Industrial and Hazardous waste management. Yong, J.Y., Kleme, J.J., Varbanov, P.S. and Huisingh, D., 2016. Cleaner energy for cleaner production: modelling, simulation, optimisation and waste management.Journal of Cleaner Production,111, pp.1-16.

Leadership Towards Organizational Democracy

Question: Analyse and assess the influence of leadership on an organisation's culture . Critically evaluate the major attributes of effective leadership. Answer: Introduction Interpretation of organizations is mostly based on some theory or hypothesis to describe the reality. Many notions about organizations and management are always based on accepted beliefs and assumptions. It goes without saying that organizations are a complex entity which can be perceived in various perspectives. People who are rigid comprehend organizations regarding one of the metaphors (Tryggestad 2012). On the other hand, people who are flexible and suspend their judgmental mindset can see several perspectives rather than only a particular situation for dealing with organizations and the issues. The following analysis deals with how the principle of Morgan may be applicable in different organizational perspectives which are seemingly complex. The management of the organization should take stock of the increasingly emerging and complicated scheme of affairs. It is imperative that they wield Gareth Morgans Metaphors of Organization observations and recommendations and deal with the situations that exist in the organization. Discussion and Analysis Morgans organizational perspectives At the outset, it is important to learn that the central proposition of Images of Organization concerns all the theories and management is based on unspoken metaphors and the same exerts a paradoxical role. Morgan promulgated various organizational perspectives which are mentioned as follows. The machine view controls modern management thought process and is emblematic of bureaucracies (Avril and Zumello 2013). On the other hand, the organizational strategy or standpoint emphasizes and explores adaptation, growth, and environmental relationship. Organizations are deemed as information processors which have the capacity to learn. Organizations are also construed as cultures which are based on norms, beliefs, values and others. However, some organizations can be taken as psychic prisons wherein resources are trapped by their mindsets. Organizations are subject to change and can act as instruments of domination exerting emphasis over-exploitation thereby imposition of someones will on o thers. It is interesting to see how the doctrines of Gareth Morgan may be related and applied in the real-time organization parlance (Hadida et al. 2015). Machine organization metaphor In the modern world, machine dominates the business operations. The factual reality is people who are machine thinking in nature are expected to operate like a machine, for instance, clockwork by resorting to certain procedures while the rest as per certain rules which again work in a mechanical way. Firms have to adapt to the technology they made use of post-Industrial Revolution when resources lost their autonomy in work to assume specialists in controlling machines (Scott-Brown 2016). In the organization, machine managers are trained that will enable them to plan for and control the firm. The resources are taught to divide the entire firm into various functional departments with particular jobs assigned to them. Here, commands are circulated maintaining the hierarchy which involves the whole organization to have a uniform effect. As per the experts classical management theory, organizations should be rational and can be optimized to realize the optimal potential. In the organizati on, the resources would work well, given the task is simple in keeping with a stable environment. However, the reverse side of the case is if the organization fails to adapt to the changes, it may have to face unwanted repercussions which would lead to dehumanizing. Organismic organization metaphor The firm is supposed to function like existing organisms. The employees here have various complex needs that require being fulfilled so that the establishment could work properly. Now, various experts identify social needs in the workplace that exerts motivation to the work. In the selected company, the management has made special emphasis towards making work more significant and inspiring people to be involved in their assigned role. The organization is open to the changes and therefore should be well versed to respond to the ever-changing facets of the business environment. The firm practices organismic view which emphasizes on relations between organizations and environment. The company is currently focusing on survival strategy. The firm is innovative in nature and has more design choices by laying stress on inter-organizational relations. However, one such limitation in this regard is sometimes the firm becomes too mechanistic in its approach and hence fails to function properly due to lack of cooperation In its ranks and the metaphor can easily turn out to be a mere ideology (Morgan 2016). Self-organising metaphor When the things change, its imperative that the resources should be good enough to question that what they are doing is perfect and may be likened to the brain which is construed as the best information processor. As per the scholars, organizations cannot be wholly rational since they are devoid of access to a range of information (Oswick and Marshak 2012). Thus they can consider paltry alternatives while making decisions. Our concerned organization is no exception in this regard. It has settled for a restricted rationality which is based on limited information. Here, jobs and various functional departments create structures of interpretation along with decision-making which in turn makes the job of the managers relatively easy and simplified. On the other hand, the question remains whether companies like a brain which can learn. Morgan formulates that the key to brains functioning lies in its connectivity which encompasses various functions being performed by the same structure. Sim ilarly, the organization in question should seek to self-organize which would permit the unit to act like a brain. Here, redundancy may be created by the addition of specialized parts to the system which in corporate jargon refers to multitasking (Hatch and Cunliffe 2013). Organizations as Cultures Organizations are deemed as socially constructed entities. In industrial nations, society is made up of organizations that influence the lives of individuals along with particular beliefs, rituals, and rules. The strength of the cultural model is observed in the organization in this regard. This imparts valuable insight the nature and significance of relation which exists between the organization and the environment it operates in. This helps in the understanding of organizational change. However, the loophole in this regard could be that the cultural model may give rise to ideological control in the wrong hands of the firm (Sukowski and Zawadzki 2015). Organizational Culture Experts have pointed out three dimensions to an organizational culture which is termed as artifacts which are somewhat similar to Hofstedes cultural aspects, beliefs, and espoused values. However, others consider organizational culture as a product of a complex group of the learning process that puts together behavioral patterns and offers structural stability to various groups at a deeper level through shared basic assumptions (Loomis 2015). The said organization aims to engage into an adaptation drive which is a coping strategy that maintains a relationship to its environment. To achieve the business goals the resources must be in agreement about the way of achieving the companys mission. Managers should agree about how to allocate tasks and roles and delegate functions to appropriate resources. In other words, people of the organization must settle how the organization would initiate corrective measures if they learn that their organizational goals and objectives are not complied with. The remedial strategies disclose assumptions regarding the identity and mission which are related to the assumptions concerning the firms internal operations and functioning (rtenblad et al. 2016). Psychic Prisons This principle comes with a set of perspectives that facilitate to investigate into unconscious processes which reveal that the understanding of organization is too rational and draws attention to ethics which further creates barriers to change and innovation. Organizations nowadays are consciously created and sustained, and people are holed up by being imprisoned by mind gaps. Various organizations have failed because they were incapable of going beyond the policies that had a considerable contribution to making them successful at the beginning. The selected firm should make sure that it controls exploitation, domination and puts emphasis on cognitive processes (Mel and Cantn 2014). Transformative organizations The business environment is impermanent and transient in nature. To decipher the organization, one needs to have an exhaustive understanding of basic force that generates and sustain the firm. The company in consideration looks to adopt conventional approaches which imply that change is instigated by the environment of the organization. The factual reality is that this conjecture offers an insight over the nature and sources of change which may help the management to find ways of managing the change successfully (Martnez-vila and Beak 2016). Organizations acting as instruments of control It goes without saying that corporate practices put forth profit before human welfare and the condition are pitiable in not so affluent economies. The factual reality is that Industrial Revolution changed the paradigm of labor concept and changed labor into a commodity. Here, people are governed by the process of stringent administrative rules in the quest for efficiency. The concerned firm should be wary of the charismatic model which entails over unstable administration along with nepotism, and bureaucracy in legal administration (Jermier and Forbes 2016). Recommendation and Conclusion The above holistic explanation advocates Gareth Morgans theory of organizational metaphors. It means facilitating an individual or group to identify the unconscious metaphors that guide the worldview and directs the corporate decisions. It should be made sure that to facilitate without suggesting or imposing the organization's metaphor needs skilled management and adept practices. The entire process may be taken a notch higher by facilitating a resource or a body to symbolically self-model the manner the system works. Thus, in fine, it may be said that rather than trying to make change happen, new learning occurs, problems get solved and creativity is stimulated organically, as a by-product of the self-modeling process. References Avril, E. and Zumello, C., 2013. Introduction: Towards Organizational Democracy? Convergence and Divergence in Models of Economic and Political Governance. In New Technology, Organizational Change and Governance (pp. 1-20). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Hadida, A.L., Tarvainen, W. and Rose, J., 2015. Organizational improvisation: a consolidating review and framework. International Journal of Management Reviews, 17(4), pp.437-459. Hatch, M.J. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2013. Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Jermier, J.M. and Forbes, L.C., 2016. Metaphors, organizations and water: Generating new images for environmental sustainability. human relations, 69(4), pp.1001-1027. Loomis, B., 2015. Beyond Metaphor: Populations and Groups, Interests, and Lobbyists. In The Organization Ecology of Interest Communities (pp. 249-261). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Martnez-vila, D. and Beak, J., 2016. Methods, Theoretical Frameworks and Hope for Knowledge Organization. Knowledge Organization, 43(5). Mel, D. and Cantn, C.G., 2014. The Idea of the Human Person in Management and Organizational Theories. In Human Foundations of Management (pp. 30-49). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Morgan, G., 2016. Commentary: Beyond Morgans eight metaphors. Human Relations, 69(4), pp.1029-1042. rtenblad, A., Putnam, L.L. and Trehan, K., 2016. Beyond Morgans eight metaphors: Adding to and developing organization theory. Human Relations, 69(4), pp.875-889. Oswick, C. and Marshak, R.J., 2012. Images of organization development. The Routledge companion to organizational change, p.104. Scott-Brown, S., 2016. Re-Reading Raphael Samuel: Politics, Personality and Performance. Life Writing, pp.1-18. Sukowski,  . and Zawadzki, M., 2015. Critical Discourse in Contemporary Management Science. Folia Philosophica, (34), pp.199-230. Tryggestad, K., 2012. Perspectives on Projects. Construction Management and Economics, 30(5), pp.416-420.

Macbeth Tragism Essays (449 words) - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth Tragism The character of Macbeth is a classic example of a Shakespearean tragic hero. There are many factors which contribute to the degeneration of Macbeth of which three will be discussed. The three points which contribute greatly to Macbeth's degeneration are the prophecy which was told to him by the witches, how Lady Macbeth influenced and manipulated Macbeth's judgment, and finally Macbeth's long time ambition which drove his desire to be king. Macbeth's growing character degenerates from a noble man to violent individual. The prophecies which were told by the witches were one of the factors which contributed to the degeneration of his character. If it had not been for the witches telling him that he was to be Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glamis, and King of Scotland, Macbeth would still be his ordinary self. As a result of the prophecies, this aroused Macbeth's curiosity of how he could be King of Scotland. As the play progresses, Macbeth slowly relies on the witches prophecies. Shakespeare uses the witches as a remedy for Macbeth's curiosity which corrupts his character. The influence of Macbeth's wife, Lady Macbeth also contributed to his degeneration of character. Lady Macbeth's character in the beginning reveals that she is a lovable person. When Lady Macbeth was ready to kill King Duncan herself, it showed that Lady Macbeth could not murder King Duncan because he reminded her of her father. This proves that Lady Macbeth has a heart deep inside her. Lady Macbeth plays an important role in this play because she provided a scheme which caused Macbeth to assassinate King Duncan. After Macbeth had killed King Duncan, he later regrets on his wrong doing. At the point of this play the audience can note the change in Macbeth's character. Macbeth's first murder was a trying experience for him, however after the first murder, killing seemed to be the only solution to maintain his reign of the people of Scotland. Therefore, it was Lady Macbeth who introduced the concept of murder to Macbeth. Macbeth's ambition also influenced his declining character. However, Macbeth's ambition had not been strong enough to carry the motive to kill King Duncan. Lady Macbeth's influence also comes in to play because if not for Lady Macbeth, his ambition would not have been intensified enough to drive him to obtain and maintain his title of King of Scotland no matter what it took, even if it meant murdering. Macbeth's ambition influenced the cause of his new character. This new character of Macbeth contained greed, violence, and power hunger. Macbeth shows this when he kills King Duncan. In conclusion, the prophecies given to him by the witches, Lady Macbeth's influence and plan, and his intensified ambition, all contributed greatly to his degeneration of character which resulted to his downfall...death. Therefore Macbeth character displays strong signs of a tragic hero, making him the ideal classic example.

Wayside and Waste Side

Wayside and Waste Side Wayside and Waste Side Wayside and Waste Side By Maeve Maddox One of the many meanings of the English noun way is, â€Å"a thoroughfare used or designed for traveling or transportation from place to place.† Roman legions travelled along the Appian Way. Shakespeare’s Autolycus sang, Jog on, jog on, the foot-path way, And merrily hent the stile-a: A merry heart goes all the day, Your sad tires in a mile-a. The Winter’s Tale, IV.3. Even now we drive along highways and perhaps hike along byways. The land that runs along these â€Å"ways† is called the wayside. The expression â€Å"to fall by the wayside† probably came into English from the parable of the sower: A sower went out to sow his seed: and as he sowed, some fell by the way side; and it was trodden down, and the fowls of the air devoured it. Luke 8:5, KJV. The idea is that anyone or anything that â€Å"falls by the wayside† has failed to accomplish its purpose. Nowadays, speakers who don’t seem to know the word wayside talk about â€Å"falling by the waste side.† Like those who still say wayside, they are referring to the area along a road or highway, butdoubtless because of all the litter that accumulates therethe eggcorn â€Å"waste side† makes sense to them. The expression has made its appearance in pop lyrics: When you got big dreams, keep your eyes on the prize Dont fall to the waste side, reach for the sky Dont bother wasting my time, you’re falling down by the waste side. Falling down by the waste side It’s not just songwriters who are mixed up: Senator [Royce] West added that, It was not his intent or those members who have coauthored SB 1419 and those who lent their efforts to the creation of this bill, to attempt to maintain or increase the pool of eligible applicants for admissions, admit them, and then have them fall by the waste side. From the Office of State Senator Royce West, District 23 (Texas). Note: Carpenters aptly talk about the â€Å"waste side† of a saw blade. It’s the side away from a section of wood being cut. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†Does "Mr" Take a Period?The Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Japanese Writing Systems

Japanese Writing Systems Kanji was introduced to Japan nearly 2,000 years ago. It is said that 50,000 kanji characters exist, though only about 5,000 to 10,000 are commonly used. After W.W.II, the Japanese government designated 1,945 basic characters as Joyo Kanji (commonly used kanji), which is used in textbooks and official writings. In Japan, one learns about the 1006 basic characters from Joyo Kanji, in elementary school. A lot of time is spent at school learning kanji. It would be very helpful for you to learn all the Joyo Kanji, but the basic 1,000 characters are sufficient to read about 90% of the kanji used in a newspaper (about 60% with 500 characters). Since childrens books use less kanji, they would be a good resource to practice your reading. There are other scripts to write Japanese beside kanji. They are hiragana and katakana. Japanese is commonly written with a combination of the all three. If you want to learn Japanese writing, start with hiragana and katakana, then kanji. Hiragana and katakana are simpler than kanji, and have only 46 characters each. It is possible to write an entire Japanese sentence in hiragana. Japanese children start to read and write in hiragana before making an attempt to learn some of the two thousand kanji commonly used. Here are some lessons about Japanese writing. Hiragana LessonsKatakana LessonsKanji Lessons

What do we see How visual contribute to the participation in the Essay

What do we see How visual contribute to the participation in the culture - Essay Example It is mostly seen that some advertisement do have striking visual images and mostly lack substance.(Mitchell ,12-24) â€Å"More advertisements contain visual elements, and many advertisements provide little product attribute information†. The advertisement is containing a very catchy phrase which makes the audience think deeply as well as ponders about the quality of the product. It attempts to create a spark in the minds of the viewer as to the subtle meaning hidden in the ad. The ad is very appealing with the bright green leaves of mint as fresh as a morning dew as the main focus point. The brand is trying to persuade the soul of a person and keep them attracted to the product which is portrayed natural and fresh. It is very important for an advertisement to capture the minds of viewers visually and verbally. Ad from the point of view of audience From the point of view of audience the ad is very spontaneously appealing as the concept is directed to the freshness and subtle b eauty of the nature. There is a lot of serenity which comes along with this ad and this takes the audience to a world of health and freshness. The persuasive technique of the ad is very commendable as the main theme of the ad is nature. The graphic is soothing and simple and gives a wholesome and graceful look to the ad. Any ad to be effective needs to look upon the uses and gratification it gives away to the audience. As per (Blumler)â€Å" Uses and gratification is the optimist’s view of the media. and the media can have an unconscience influence over our lives and how we view the world.   The idea that we simply use the media to satisfy a given need does not seem to fully recognize the power of the media in today’s society†. The gratification aspect of this ad is very over powering, natural and subtle. The viewer gets an immense touch of nature while viewing this ad and understands that the product is completely natural, wholesome and refreshing. The use of ad is to satisfy the appetite of the consumer in an eco –friendly way. For the same reason, the brand has used the theme of nature by portraying fresh mint leaves.Poeople always go for products which are organic and healthy and nothing can be more appealing than mint. Its bright green color with its refreshing nature grabs the attention of the readers. msk209@hotmail.com msk209@hotmail.com Visual culture and its impact on viewers of the ad Culture is the traditions, values and beliefs followed by a community or group of people when it comes to visual culture it is the images and sign we come across in every day life and the influence our culture place have on us. According to our culture or belief certain images in an advertisement can persuade us significantly to buy them. Advertisement for food products like ice cream needs to come with unique visual effects. While observing the ads for ice creams it can be seen that the flavor of the ice cream is always the conveyed to th e viewer in an amazing way. As this ad is about ice cream which is mint flavored a mint twig is the main point of visual encounter here. There is also a phrase beneath the primary focus which is very poetic and heart feeling. Since the world is nowadays very health conscious and eco – friendly a depiction of natural object brings in lot of customer confidence and loyalty to product. Visuals penetrating the environment Visual effects play an important role in the advertisement field.

What are the main differences between classical(or historical) realism Essay

What are the main differences between classical(or historical) realism and structural realism in the theory of International Relations Why are those differences relevant to the study of global politics - Essay Example Philosophers and thinkers such as Robert Gilpin and Kenneth Waltz have realized the shortcomings of Classical Realism in studying modern international relations. And thus a Neorealist Movement has been initiated to better evaluate and predict future international relations in the present context. Michael Charles Williams (2005, p.13) states ‘The first, and briefest, is simply to note that despite their declaration of fundamental divide between ‘classical’ and ‘neo’ realism, these thinkers (including Waltz) continue to claim the realist tradition as their own with remarkable consistency.’ There are a number of differences between views of structural realists and views of classical realists, although the aspects where both of them have similar opinions include the belief that nation-states are the most important actors in global politics; nation-states are basically rational; the interaction in the states is characterized by an anarchy and most im portantly, the pursuit of power affects the behavior of the nation-states. It was the Greek political scientist Thucydides who can be considered as the father of Classical Realism. The history of the Peloponnesian War which was written by Thucydides was probably the first example which showcased realist thought. A few of the basic tenets which were established by him included the beliefs that the state is the main actor in a war; the state is the entity which is solely responsible for its own security, progression and safety. However in the modern circumstance, it has been proved that the states do not subscribe to the idea of communal preservation as it did during the times of the Greeks. With the increase of cooperation and travel among countries, organizations which were more informal gradually developed. Hence it was more and more important for states to act in cooperation with other states, which can usually benefit both the